انگلیسی در پزشکی و درمان: کلمات و اصطلاحات ضروری

در این مطلب، قصد داریم کلمات و اصطلاحات رایج و ضروری در محیط های درمانی و پزشکی را معرفی کنیم. استفاده دقیق از زبان در محیط های درمانی بسیار مهم است، برای همین پزشکان، پرستاران، و غیره باید کاربرد صحیح انگلیسی در پزشکی و درمان را یاد بگیرند.

کلمات و اصطلاحات پرکاربرد انگلیسی در پزشکی و درمان

ابتدا به سراغ فهرستی از کلمات ضروری انگلیسی در پزشکی و درمان میرویم و سپس اصطلاحات و جملات پرکاربرد را مرور می کنیم. برای هر مورد توضیح آن به زبان انگلیسی ارائه می شود تا کاربرد دقیق آن را بشناسید.

واژگان رایج و ضروری در پزشکی

1. Diagnosis (n.)

Definition: The process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on symptoms, tests, and examinations.
Example: The doctor made a diagnosis of pneumonia after reviewing the patient’s X-ray.

2. Symptom (n.)

Definition: A physical or mental feature that indicates the presence of a disease or condition.
Example: Fever and cough are common symptoms of the flu.

3. Prescription (n.)

Definition: A written order from a doctor that allows a patient to get a specific medicine from a pharmacy.
Example: The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics to treat the infection.

4. Treatment (n.)

Definition: Medical care given to a patient to cure or manage a disease or condition.
Example: The treatment for high blood pressure includes medication and lifestyle changes.

5. Surgery (n.)

Definition: A medical procedure that involves cutting into the body to repair or remove damaged tissues or organs.
Example: The patient needs surgery to remove the tumor.

6. Emergency (n.)

Definition: A serious and unexpected situation requiring immediate medical attention.
Example: He was taken to the emergency room after a severe allergic reaction.

7. Injection (n.)

Definition: The act of administering a drug or vaccine into the body using a syringe and needle.
Example: The nurse gave me a flu shot via injection.

8. Vaccine (n.)

Definition: A substance used to stimulate the body’s immune response against specific diseases.
Example: The COVID-19 vaccine has helped reduce severe illness worldwide.

9. Intravenous (IV) (adj.)

Definition: Refers to the administration of fluids or medication directly into a vein.
Example: The patient was given intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration.

10. Allergy (n.)

Definition: A condition in which the immune system reacts abnormally to a substance, such as pollen, food, or medication.
Example: She has a severe peanut allergy and carries an epinephrine auto-injector.

11. Prognosis (n.)

Definition: A forecast or prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease.
Example: The prognosis for early-stage lung cancer is much better than for advanced cases.

12. Pathogenesis (n.)

Definition: The development and progression of a disease, including the biological mechanisms involved.
Example: Understanding the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is crucial for developing effective treatments.

13. Iatrogenic (adj.)

Definition: Refers to a disease or condition caused by medical treatment or intervention.
Example: The patient’s kidney damage was iatrogenic, resulting from prolonged use of certain medications.

14. Nosocomial Infection (n.)

Definition: An infection acquired in a hospital or healthcare setting.
Example: Strict hygiene protocols help prevent nosocomial infections in intensive care units.

15. Comorbidity (n.)

Definition: The presence of one or more additional diseases or disorders occurring with a primary disease.
Example: Diabetes and hypertension are common comorbidities in patients with heart disease.

16. Palliative Care (n.)

Definition: A type of medical care focused on relieving symptoms and improving the quality of life for patients with serious illnesses.
Example: Palliative care is essential for patients with advanced-stage cancer to manage pain and discomfort.

17. Hemodynamics (n.)

Definition: The study of blood flow and circulation within the cardiovascular system.
Example: The patient’s hemodynamic stability was closely monitored after surgery.

18. Anaphylaxis (n.)

Definition: A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.
Example: The patient experienced anaphylaxis after eating shellfish and required an immediate epinephrine injection.

19. Cytotoxic (adj.)

Definition: Refers to a substance that is toxic to cells, often used in chemotherapy to kill cancer cells.
Example: Cytotoxic drugs are commonly used in cancer treatment but may also damage healthy cells.

20. Idiopathic (adj.)

Definition: A condition or disease with no known cause.
Example: The patient was diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, meaning its cause is unknown.

21. Metastasis (n.)

Definition: The spread of cancer cells from the original tumor to other parts of the body.
Example: The oncologist confirmed that the cancer had undergone metastasis to the liver.

22. Invasive Procedure (n.)

Definition: A medical procedure that involves entering the body, usually by cutting or inserting instruments.
Example: A biopsy is considered an invasive procedure used to diagnose abnormal tissue.

23. Homeostasis (n.)

Definition: The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
Example: The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining electrolyte homeostasis.

24. Myocardial Infarction (n.)

Definition: A medical term for a heart attack, caused by a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.
Example: The patient suffered a myocardial infarction due to a blocked coronary artery.

25. Neurodegenerative Disease (n.)

Definition: A condition characterized by progressive loss of nerve cell function, such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease.
Example: Research into neurodegenerative diseases aims to slow down neuronal damage.

جملات و اصطلاحات رایج انگلیسی در پزشکی و درمان

1. “Take a deep breath.”

Meaning: A common instruction from doctors to patients, especially during physical examinations.

2. “Does it hurt when I press here?”

Meaning: A question asked by doctors to check for pain or tenderness in a specific area.

3. “You need to take this medication twice a day.”

Meaning: A typical instruction given when prescribing medicine.

4. “We need to run some tests.”

Meaning: The doctor needs to perform medical tests to diagnose a condition.

5. “Let me know if you feel any discomfort.”

Meaning: A way for healthcare professionals to check if a procedure is painful or uncomfortable for the patient.

6. “Stay hydrated and get plenty of rest.”

Meaning: Common advice given to patients with colds, flu, or minor illnesses.

7. “The condition is stable.”

Meaning: The patient’s health is not worsening or improving significantly at the moment.

8. “Follow up with me in a week.”

Meaning: The doctor wants to see the patient again after one week for further examination.

9. “You may experience some side effects.”

Meaning: A warning that a medication might cause minor health reactions.

10. “Call 911 in case of an emergency.”

Meaning: Standard advice in the U.S. for contacting emergency medical services.

11. “The patient is in critical but stable condition.”

Meaning: The patient’s health is serious but not worsening at the moment.

12. “We need to perform a differential diagnosis.”

Meaning: The doctor needs to compare multiple possible conditions to identify the correct one.

13. “This condition is refractory to treatment.”

Meaning: The disease is not responding to standard medical therapies.

14. “The scan reveals an abnormal mass in the thoracic cavity.”

Meaning: There is an unusual growth in the chest area that requires further investigation.

15. “The prognosis is poor, with a survival rate of less than 10% over five years.”

Meaning: The chances of recovery or survival are low.

16. “The patient exhibits signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).”

Meaning: The patient has a severe lung condition leading to breathing difficulties.

17. “We have ruled out infectious causes, suggesting the etiology is autoimmune.”

Meaning: The cause of the disease is likely related to the immune system rather than an infection.

18. “A multidisciplinary team will be involved in the patient’s care.”

Meaning: Different medical specialists will collaborate to treat the patient.

19. “The test results indicate an elevated white blood cell count, suggesting an inflammatory response.”

Meaning: The body is likely fighting an infection or inflammation.

20. “We need to monitor the patient’s vital signs closely for any signs of deterioration.”

Meaning: The doctor wants to track the patient’s heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing to check for worsening conditions.

این واژگان و اصطلاحات رایج انگلیسی در پزشکی و درمان برای زبان‌آموزانی که قصد دارند در محیط‌های درمانی کار کنند، در رشته های مرتبط با پزشکی و کادر درمان تحصیل کنند، یا درک بهتری از متون علمی و گزارش‌های پزشکی داشته باشند، بسیار مفید و ضروری هستند.

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