افزایش نمره رایتینگ آیلتس و تافل با استفاده از Parallel Structure

افزایش نمره رایتینگ آیلتس و تافل با استفاده از Parallel Structure

Parallel structure is when you balance the grammatical structures of words, clauses, sentences, or phrases in your writing.

We make words or phrases parallel when we are writing things in a list or series, and each word must have the same grammatical form.

• For words, nouns are balanced with nouns, adjectives with adjectives, verbs with verbs, gerunds with gerunds, and so on.
• For phrases, prepositional phrases are balanced with prepositional phrases, infinitive phrases with infinitive phrases, and gerund phrases with gerund phrases.

The coordinating conjunction ‘and’ is usually used to connect the parallel items, but other coordinating conjunctions such as ‘or’ and ‘nor’ may be used.

Correlative conjunctions such as ‘both/and‘, ‘neither/nor‘ and ‘whether/or‘ are also used as connectors.

infinitives / Gerunds

She wants to go to England and studying at the London School of Economics. (WRONG)

She wants to go to England and study at the London School of Economics. (CORRECT)

The first sentence is wrong because the first item in the list, to go, is an infinitive, but the second item, studying, is a gerund. In order to correct it, studying has been changed to an infinitive.

Adjectives

The room was comfortable, airy, and it was not dirty. (WRONG)

The room was comfortable, airy, and clean. (CORRECT)

The first sentence is incorrect, since the first two items in the series, comfortable and airy, are adjectives, whereas the last item, it was not dirty, contains a verb. The second sentence has been corrected by changing it was not dirty to the adjective clean.

Infinitive Phrases

I can’t decide whether to take a bus or riding my bicycle to work. (WRONG)

I can’t decide whether to take a bus or (to) ride my bicycle to work. (CORRECT)

The first sentence is wrong because an infinitive and gerund phrase have been mixed together. The second is correct because they are both infinitive phrases.

مطالب مرتبط:

افزایش نمره رایتینگ و اسپیکینگ با استفاده از Relative Clauses

گرامر پیشرفته: ?will or shall